dendrimers application

J. Technol. Dendrimers are a type of polymer that has a well-defined structure, a high degree of molecular uniformity, and a low polydispersity which have shown to be effective intracellular drug carriers. Ther. Frchet, Discovery of dendrimers and dendritic polymers: a brief historical perspective. CrossRef, Web of Science Times Cited: 80 CrossRef, Web of Science Times Cited: 80. When these groups are charged, the surface may have as a polyelectrolyte and is likely to electrostatically attract oppositely charged molecules [53]. 38(3), 185196 (2009), J.B. Wolinsky, M.W. This manuscript was supported by Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bagyattallah University of Medical Sciences, and Tehran Iran. Yellepeddi, H. Ghandehari, Pharmacokinetics of oral therapeutics delivered by dendrimer-based carriers. Patri, J.F. Nat Biotechnol 2004, 22: 34. The diversity of potential applications of dendrimers in medicine results in increasing interest in this area. Release 95(3), 447453 (2004), M.G. 544, 6177 (2019), S. Battah et al., Enhanced porphyrin accumulation using dendritic derivatives of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study. Chem Rev 1997, 97: 1681. Macromolecules 1996, 29: 72517260. They find their application in various fields such as inorganic . (C) Once inside the cell, the drug generally must be released from the dendrimer, which, for the self-immolative method, results in the simultaneous disintegration of the dendritic scaffold (D). Angew. Google Scholar, A.P. Wiley Interdiscip. Technol. Polym. - 192.155.86.27. This review gives concise information about the application of dendrimers in the field of drug delivery. Topics discussed in this compilation include dendrimer-based nanostructured ultralthin films formed by covalent molecular assembly in supercritical carbon dioxide; dendrimer-based host/guest . 14(10), 10431056 (2003), R. Shukla et al., HER2 specific delivery of methotrexate by dendrimer conjugated anti-HER2 mAb. 109(7), 31413157 (2009), A.S. Chauhan, Dendrimers for drug delivery. Res. Considerable attention has been focused on the high-efficient synthesis and potential applications of dendrimer in various fields such as biomedicine, catalysts, membrane materials and biosensors . This method makes it much easier to remove impurities and shorter branches along the way, so that the final dendrimer is more monodisperse. The remarkable symmetry which results in striking structures and activity of these molecules has resulted in exponential growth of researchers and research in this field. Grinstaff, Biomedical applications of dendrimers: a tutorial. Newkome et al., Micelles. 54(1), 249268 (2020), M. Kalomiraki, K. Thermos, N.A. Univers. Ad Drug Deliv Rev 2005, 57: 22152237. 44(7), 16261634 (2016), G.A. Polym. SWJ conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. Dendrigrafts are a class of dendritic polymers like dendrimers that can be constructed with a well-defined molecular structure, i.e., being monodisperse [28]. Dendrimers: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Donald A. Tomalia on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday. They are a promising agent for nanomedicine applications because of their unique properties, including nanoscale size, globular shape, and high reactivity, solubility in water, internal cavities, and comfortable synthesis methods. Biol. 17(1), 117132 (1985), G.R. Dendrimers can be applied as carriers for different therapeutic agents. Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bagyattallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Department of Chemistry, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran, You can also search for this author in Dendrimer chemistry, as other specialized research fields, has its own terms and abbreviations. In most cases, however, the conjugated dendritic assembly functions as pro-drug where, upon internalization into the target cell, the conjugate must be liberated to activate the drug (Figure6). 64, 102115 (2012), V.K. Dendrimers: properties and applications Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. Tomalia DA: Dendrimer molecules. Yunes Panahi. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-247. Appl. Application of dendrimers as a drug delivery system started in . Dendrimers are macromolecules that are inspired from nature and are a playfield for synthetic chemist. J. Biochem. J. Pept. Pharm. Chaniotakis, Dendrimers as tunable vectors of drug delivery systems and biomedical and ocular applications. J. 331367, R.V. Their three traditional macromolecular architectural classes are broadly recognized to generate rather polydisperse products of different molecular weights. Mater. Synthesis 1978(2): 155158 (1978), R. Denkewalter, J. Kolc, W. Lukasavage. Zeng FW, Zimmerman SC: Dendrimers in supramolecular chemistry: from molecular recognition to self-assembly. J. Poly (propylene amine) dendrimer, containing 32 dansyl units at its periphery. Frechet JMJ, Tomalia DA: Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers. Nanoscale Res. J. Pharm. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 3(5), 31573169 (2020), S.V.K. 6(2), 7188 (2016), R. Yang et al., Synthesis of a novel polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugating with alkali blue as a lymphatic tracer and study on the lymphatic targeting in vivo. Tabatabaei Mirakabad FS, Akbarzadeh A, Zarghami N, Zeighamian V, Rahimzadeh A, Alimohammadi S: PLGA-cased nanoparticles as cancer drug delivery systems. Dendritic macromolecules tend to linearly increase in diameter and adopt a more globular shape with increasing dendrimer generation. Figure 3: The variety of dendrimers used in biology. Antimicrob. El-Sayed, Dendrimers as carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Dendrimers are unimolecular miceller in nature and due to this enhances the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and their compatibility with DNA, heparin and polyanions make them more versatile. Polyionic dendrimers do not have a persistent shape and may undergo changes in size, shape, and flexibility as a function of increasing generations [810]. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2019), pp. drug delivery and possible application of dendrimers in various areas of . Eng. The first is to create dendrons with a core unit that is capable of recognizing itself or a ditopic or polytopic core structure, therefore leading to spontaneous formation of a dendrimer [4851]. Their. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2019), pp. Soc. Chem. Based on this method, PAMAM dendrimer/DNA complexes were used to encapsulate functional biodegradable polymer films for substrate-mediated gene delivery. They are also known as "cascade molecules." Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998, 2: 733742. For example, there are several modifications of dendrimers' peripheral groups which enable to obtain antibody-dendrimer, peptide-dendrimer conjugates or dendritic boxes that encapsulate guest molecules [42]. Adv. J. Pharm. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2020), pp. In this paper, the interaction force and spatial configuration between PAMAM and several typical chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (TAX . Today 12, 177190 (2018), PubMed The second group called synthesized macromolecules arborols means, in Latin, trees. Dendrimers might be also utilized as devices for delivery of genetic material and contrast agents for . Polym. J. Chem. Pharmazie Int J Pharm Sci 2012, 67(1):6368. 121(12), 21602164 (2009), S.M. J Am Chem Soc 1994, 116: 661671. One example of electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolyte dendrimers and charged species include the aggregation of methylene blue on the dendrimer surface and the binding of EPR probes such as copper complexes and nitroxide cation radicals [54, 55]. J. Nanomater. Polym Mater. Organomet. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013, 8: 102. 10(18), 23332355 (2006), T. Kawaguchi et al., Double exponential dendrimer growth. J Org Chem 1985, 50: 2003. (1985), D.A. Rev. Polym. 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Furthermore, a more brief structural nomenclature is applied to describe the different chemical events taking place at the dendrimer surface. Soc. Nanobiotechnol. Drug Deliv. 1 Introduction Zeng F, Zimmerman SC: Dendrimers in supramolecular chemistry: from molecular recognition to self-assembly. Soc. Thus, dendrimer nano carriers offer the potential to enhance the bioavailability of drugs that are poorly soluble and/or substrates for efflux transporters [70, 71]. Parajapati et al., Potential application of dendrimers in drug delivery: a concise review and update. 36(2), 199204 (2012). This dendrimer starts from an ethylene diamine core; the branches or arms were attached by exhaustive Michael addition to methyl acrylate followed by exhaustive aminolysis of the resulting methyl ester using ethylene diamine [20]. A new convergent approach to dendritic macromolecules. Polymer Chemistry, 2013, 4 (6), 1788-1795. Dendrimers are emerging class of nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery systems. Agashe et al., Investigations on the toxicological profile of functionalized fifth-generation poly (propylene imine) dendrimer. Can. Part of Springer Nature. Chem Eur J 1997, 3: 706. Sci. Alireza V, Haleh M, Mohammad S, Samad Mussa F, Nosratollah Z, Mohammad K, Abolfazl A, Soodabeh D: Quantum dots: synthesis, bioapplications, and toxicity. Current research is being performed to find ways to use dendrimers to traffic genes into cells without damaging or deactivating the DNA. 38(4), 637656 (2012), M. Najlah et al., Synthesis, characterization and stability of dendrimer prodrugs. Wiley: Weinheim; 2001. Lett. Dendrimer is only an architectural motif and not a compound. Zhang, Nanotechnology for multimodality treatment of cancer. Rev. J Macromol Sci Chem A 1982, 17: 689. These hyperbranched molecules were first discovered by Fritz Vogtle in 1978, by Donald Tomalia and co-workers in the early 1980s, and at the same time, but independently by George R. Newkome. Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules with a carefully tailored architecture, the end-groups (i.e., the groups reaching the outer periphery), which can be functionalized, thus modifying their physicochemical or biological properties [1116]. 11(12), 757788 (2005), P. Kesharwani et al., Dendrimers in targeting and delivery of drugs, in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeting and Delivery of Drugs and Genes. 112(21), 76387647 (1990), B. Noriega-Luna et al., Applications of dendrimers in drug delivery agents, diagnosis, therapy, and detection. Description Pharmaceutical Applications of Dendrimers explores the applications of dendrimers in the solubilization of hydrophobic active ingredients, drug delivery, gene delivery, imaging, diagnosis and photodynamic therapy. Biol. 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Tomalia DA, Frechet JMJ: Discovery of dendrimers and dendritic polymers: a brief historical perspective. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. [75] and Newkome et al. A 561, 357363 (2019), C. Song et al., Efficient co-delivery of microRNA 21 inhibitor and doxorubicin to cancer cells using coreshell tecto dendrimers formed via supramolecular hostguest assembly. Biomaterials 30(5), 804813 (2009), N. Tomar, Dendrimers as nanocarriers in cancer chemotherapy. Spataro G, Malecaze F, Turrin CO, Soler V, Duhayon C, Elena PP: Designing dendrimers for ocular drug delivery. Dendrimers Use in Wound Healing Recent advances in nanomedicine, especially in anticancer therapies, have driven formulation scientist to refocus their attention on how the newest class of nanoparticles, dendrimers, could be used in different clinical settings such as wound healing ( 19 ). Pedro-Hernndez et al., Synthesis, characterization, and nanomedical applications of conjugates between resorcinarene-dendrimers and ibuprofen. Int. Their chemistry is one of the most attractive and hastily growing areas of new chemistry [2527]. Correspondence to Chem Commun 2000, 2000: 853854. Int. Cascade molecules: a new approach to micelles. Tomalia, Dendrimers in biomedical applicationsreflections on the field. https://doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v2i3.RW5, A. Castonguay et al., Dendrimers as bactericides. Dendrimers facilitate rapid uptake of antigen across the intestinal epithelium and express strong immunogenicity. Artif. Nano Brief Rep Rev 2011, 6: 509539. 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Dendrimers application as drug carriers improves pharmacokinetic properties of drug particles, decreases drugs' side effects and, by possibility of surface modification with different ligands, enables to target specific tissues and tumor cells. Res. Halkes SBA, Vrasidas I, Rooijer GR, van den Berg AJJ, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ: Synthesis and biological activity of polygalloyl-dendrimers as stable tannic acid mimics. Drug Deliv. 461(12), 242250 (2014), L.M. Chem. (B) Parquette-type dendrons are chiral, non-racemic, and with intramolecular folding driven by hydrogen bonding [24]. Below are the links to the authors original submitted files for images. Gillies ER, Dy E, Frechet JMJ, Szoka FC: Biological evaluation of polyester dendrimer: poly (ethylene oxide) bow-tie hybrids with tunable molecular weight and architecture. Maciejewski M: Concepts of trapping topologically by shell molecules. Hsu et al., Dendrimer-based nanocarriers: a versatile platform for drug delivery. J. Pharm. Chem. 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Dendrimers are characterized by individual features that make them hopeful candidates for a lot of applications. Application of dendrimers as a drug delivery system started in late 1990s. Martelli, T. Caon, Dendrimer as a platform for drug delivery in the skin, in Materials for Biomedical Engineering. Nanotechnol. Babu, Dendrimers in antimicrobial therapyan overview. Types of dendrimers. Polym Mater. ( b) G-2 . 25(23), 25692583 (2019), L. Salvi et al., A synthesis, properties and application as a possible drug delivery systems dendrimersa review. 16(1), 164172 (2013), M.A. Res. J Am Chem Soc 1990, 112: 76387647. Bhalgat MK, Roberts JC: Molecular modeling of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Starburst dendrimers. 2. Prog. Control. 49(34), 35793581 (2013), K. Jain et al., Dendrimer toxicity: lets meet the challenge. Vaccine 2008, 26(2728):33893394. The drug-dendrimer conjugates show high solubility, reduced systemic toxicity, and selective accumulation in solid tumors. Res. Drug Dev. 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In the divergent approach, used in early periods, the synthesis starts from the core of the dendrimer to which the arms are attached by adding building blocks in an exhaustive and step-wise manner. 20(2), 141166 (2009), H. Yang, W.J. In addition, we also discuss the use of dendrimers in biomedical diagnostic applications such as modified electrodes. 363388, A. Pushechnikov, S.S. Jalisatgi, M.F. Nanotechnology 19(29), 295102 (2008), B.K. J. Phys. Tomalia, J.M. 57(15), 21472162 (2005), P. Singh et al., Folate and folate PEG PAMAM dendrimers: synthesis, characterization, and targeted anticancer drug delivery potential in tumor bearing mice. EA participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. By using the dendritic method, enhancement of drug activity is achieved by applying different dendritic patterns through which the functionality of a certain functional compound can enhance greatly the sum of single entries placed on the surface [ 4 ]. Dendrimers are extremely appropriate and used as image contrast media because of their properties [56]. Yarema, in Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences (Wiley, 2007), Y. Yue et al., Synthesis and characterization of G5 PAMAM dendrimer containing daunorubicin for targeting cancer cells. 20(3), 503510 (2010), E. Esmaeili et al., Dendrimer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a promising platform for localized hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis. (A) More type dendrimers consisting of phenyl acetylene subunits at the third-generation different arms may dwell in the same space, and the fourth-generation layer potential overlaps with the second-generation layer. Organomet. Dendrimers are "stealth molecules" that have many potential applications, including diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Sampathkumar SG, Yarema KJ: Chapter 1: dendrimers in cancer treatment and diagnosis. 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Dendritic polymers or dendrimers provide a route to create very well-defined nanostructures suitable for drug solubilisation applications, delivery of oligonucletide, targeting drug at specific receptor site, and ability to act as carrier for the development of drug delivery system. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Frchet, Designing dendrimers for drug delivery. 10(3), e1496 (2018), PubMed Moore JS: Shape-persistent molecular architectures of nanoscale dimension. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Cincias 90(2), 23312346 (2018), S. Kim et al., Engineered polymers for advanced drug delivery. At the same time, one of the first proposed applications of dendrimers was as container compounds, wherein small substrates are bound within the internal voids of the dendrimer [29]. Curr Opin Colloid Interfac Sci 1997, 2: 89. 16(10), 10511061 (2019), J.D.A.K. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2002, 40: 27192728. In spite of the two decades since the finding of dendrimers, the multi-step synthesis still requires great effort. Stiriba S-E, Frey H, Haag R: Dendritic polymers in biomedical applications: from potential to clinical use in diagnostics and therapy. Med. Biotechnol. The core molecule reacts with monomer molecules containing one reactive and two dormant groups, giving the first-generation dendrimer. Interestingly, their three-dimensional . 19(10), 3224 (2018), A. DEmanuele, D. Attwood, Dendrimerdrug interactions. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Correspondence to Int. Molecules 20(5), 92639294 (2015), Z. Iqbal et al., The edge versions of degree-based topological descriptors of dendrimers. World Appl Sci J 2008, 3: 417433. Polym. J. Adv. Hawthorne, Dendritic closomers: novel spherical hybrid dendrimers. PubMed Central J Pharm Sci 2007, 96: 595602. 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