degassed cation conductivity

Ion chromatography analysis of a single sample for chloride, phosphate, and sulfate can take quite a few minutes. Their comments might suggest to some that the parameter is no longer important. A degassed cation conductivity panel is a system that removes CO2 from a water sample stream to quickly confirm optimal operating conditions for expensive plant equipment. Figure 2 shows Hachs unit. Most of the combined cycles in the . The isokinetic sampling rate for many nozzles that do not conform to ASME or ASTM specifications cannot be determined. To eliminate this problem, the steam can be desuperheated at the sampling point. Following installation, the unit immediately indicated a high level in feedwater, and the cation resin columns were exhausting in a few days. When a condenser tube springs a leak, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and many other anions contaminate condensate and feedwater. New Degassed Cation Conductivity System for Detection of Corrosive Contaminants in Power Plants. Courtesy: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Ion chromatography. Working in concert with sodium and other monitoring, cation conductivity monitoring can confirm that your feedwater is clean enough to be turned into steam that wont damage your turbine. Sodium Ion Analyzer. Because its water supply has significant concentrations of naturally occurring organic compounds, it adds both organic amines and a carbon-containing oxygen scavenger (a reducing agent) when preparing makeup. The reactor removes about 70% of the CO2, so it does not completely remove the interference. Flame emission spectroscopy and flame spectrophotometer testing. The sample then is sent to a conductivity cell, where it can be measured free of these impurities. It is also referred to as Conductivity after Ion Exchange (CACE), Acid Conductivity and After Exchange Conductivity. 1. One of the disadvantages of using specific conductance is that some gases common to steam (such as carbon dioxide and ammonia) ionize in water solution. The degassed cation conductivity measurement uses the same ion exchange strategy as the cation conductivity measurement. Use of bottled inert gases can be problematic in some industrial applications. Typically, there are three major types of conductivity measurements used: Generally, degas conductivity is measured from condensed and cooled samples of primary steam. Three high-precision conductivity sensors with outputs (specific, cationic, degassed). The degassed measurement incorporates a reboiler to remove volatile compounds (like ammonia, amine, volatile organics, and CO 2) from the steam to provide a more accurate indication of sulfate and chloride levels. The solubility of sodium salts in steam decreases as steam temperature decreases. High purity water is used in the water/steam cycle in power generation and maintaining its purity is essential to ensure that sensitive equipment such as turbines are not damaged by contaminants. A relatively new technique uses a spinning-disk reactor and CO2-free air as the purge gas. The remaining gases (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) ammonium NH4+) in the cation exchanger, ions resulting from gaseous components must be removed in order to determine degas conductivity. Therefore, when the boiler water total solids to sodium ratio is known, the total solids in the steam can be accurately assessed by measurement of sodium content. You may In order to obtain a selective conductivity value for these saline-containing ions (with the maximum potential for corrosion), all remaining carbon dioxide must be removed from the sample in order to accurately determine the presence of corrosive ions. The position of the 3-way ball valve at the bottom also is selected in the same fashion. This condition helps to ensure representative sampling for more reliable test results. EPRI also suggests the use of smart chemistry alarms to help aid in the determination alarm validity. Weeks later, what had been a small condenser tube leak suddenly became big enough to contaminate the plants heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbine. It is chloride and sulfate contamination that cation conductivity is really intended to detect. Whats more, the temperature of the sample after the reboiler can affect the result. 25 Minneakoning Road, Suite 101 This technique is based on the fact that the ratio of total solids to sodium in the steam is the same as the ratio of total solids to sodium in the boiler water for all but the highest-pressure (greater than 2400 psig) boiler systems. All Rights Reserved. This measurement is typically done at startup when air intrusion is typical and can artificially raise the cation conductivity. Specific conductance is one of the most commonly used methods. It passes through a resin column to remove the ammoniated compounds and convert the neutral salts into their corresponding acids, enhancing the conductivity of these impurities. 1 Input One input for potential-free contact. As part of its Orion line, Thermo Fisher Scientific offers a chloride monitor that can detect levels as low as 0.1 ppm (Figure 3). Growth in renewable (but unsteady) energy sources has placed greater burden on modern gas-fired electric plants to cycle on and off to maintain steady and reliable electric production between Renewables and Base Load. The instrument can measure chloride concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm. _ ' What remains in the water sample are salt-like (acid-like) ions and organic components, as well as oxygen and nitrogen which do not form ions in aqueous media. I have regularly inspected the boilers, deaerators, and other equipment at this plant for several years. However, many operators find it difficult to interpret cation conductivity readings, particularly at plants whose steam generators use water containing either naturally occurring or purposefully added organic compounds. Scratching their heads over the high reading, the operators guessed, Maybe the cation column needs to be replaced.. After subjecting the sample to boiling, releasing any gas can be dissolved, a cooling is performed at 25-30 . Contact Description Specification Application Options Video Downloads F.A.Q Description Degassed Cation Conductivity Analyzer In case (1), the cations replace Na ions and the outcome is HCl, the corresponding acid.In case (2), the cations replace NH4 ions and the result is water (H2O), i.e. Fortunately, techniques are available to determine steam contamination in the parts per billion range to satisfy the demands of most systems. Most steam turbine manufacturers recommend cation conductivity limits of 0.2-0.3 uS/cm. This resin column removes ammonia, amines, and sodium hydroxide from the sample. privacy, read our Privacy Policy. This plants condensers have stainless steel tubing that has never leaked. By precise heating of the process solution to near-boiling after a cation column, carbon dioxide and other low molecular organics are volatilised and removed. Chloride. 3. The only technique that can directly analyze for chloride, sulfate, and phosphate with a single sample injection is ion chromatography. The sample then is sent to a conductivity cell, where it can be measured free of these impurities. Samples pre-cooled to 77F (25C) remain at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument accuracy. But the results are good enough to get within the desired limits. All sample-wetted parts are either 316 SS or plastic Selection valve allows sample to be analyzed for either cation conductivity or degassed cation conductivity Versatile options include integral high purity conductivity analyzer; gas regulator; flow meter and flex hose; and isolation valve and flow meter Features Resources The most common way to remove it is to drive it off with heat using a reboiler. NH4(+) + OH (-) =>. As name suggest it is a measurement of the conductivity after removing cations from water sample. Cation conductivity measurement, as such, is a blind method of cross checking whether there are dissolved impurities present in the sample or whether it is ultrapure water. The most important paths for CO2 ingress are air and cooling water in leakage, makeup water, ion exchange resins, and plant cycle additives. 353 0 obj <>stream In practice, well-controlled feedwater chemistry can consistently maintain cation conductivities in the 0.4-0.8 uS/cm range when using organic amine or organic passivators. pure water. 1 Alarm relay One potential free contact for summary alarm indication for programmable alarm values and instrument faults. Because water treatment practices are such that most soluble chemical constituents of boiler feedwater are converted to sodium salts, most solids present in steam are sodium salts, with minor amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron, and copper also present. The temperature control of the reboiler is criticaltoo low or too high produces unreliable results. 4. Heres why this plant has avoided problems. Based on the experience of M&M Engineering Associates, measuring cation conductivity remains one of the most sensitive, simple, and reliable tools for detecting small amounts of contamination in feedwater and steam. Topics: The chemical reactions of carbon dioxide in water proceed according to the following reaction equation (mass action law): A) CO2 + 2 H2O <--> HCO3 + H3O+ pK = 6.3, B) HCO3 + 2 H2O <--> CO32 pK = 10.3. Of all gases occurring in the atmosphere, typically only carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves chemically into ions in circulating water. ,e3J0Q\*-8 dBf5K2Nmrfi3eknSpC!#/L2.4*. *Trademark of Veolia; may be registered in one or more countries. REPRESENTATIVE STEAM SAMPLING Whether you monitor cation conductivity or degassed cation conductivity alone or in combination with other analytical techniques, it is essential that your instruments be reliable, on-line continuously, and sensitive enough to detect contamination early enough to take corrective action to prevent corrosion. This is called specific conductivity measurement. John Powalisz (JP): Cation conductivity is one of the best ways to monitor for contaminants within a steam or water sample. Degassed conductivity after cation exchange Degassed Cation Conductivity Conductivity after cation exchange of a sample from which volatile weak acids (predominantly carbonic acid) have been stripped Drum boiler or HRSG (drum-type) Boiler in which steam (generated in heated evaporator tubes) is separated from water in an unheated horizontal . The sample then passes through a sparging column in a down flow direction. Therefore, turbine OEMs have set cation conductivity limits where a significant contribution from CO2 or organic acids cannot be tolerated. Locating and plugging the leaking condenser tube would have been easy and would have avoided the repair costs and millions of dollars in lost generation revenues. Also, degassed conductivity is an excellent tool to determine if elevated cation conductivity is due to CO2 or more corrosive species such as chloride thereby reducing potential for corrosion and catastrophic failure. Application of Conductivity in Steam Analysis, Reasons for Measuring a Degassed Sample of Condensed Steam, United States Patent No. If a dynamic system similar to Gronowski's is used, in the nearly 30 minutes of start-up time saved over a reboiler method, the typical combined cycle plant will generate even more income from the same fuel consumed with each and every system start, especially using typical peak electricity pricing. Unambiguous measurement of trace levels of corrosion-causing . Steam entering a turbine with a 20-ppb chloride concentration would be considered grossly contaminated. Das sind essentielle Fragen, wozu schon eines Fachwissen notwendig ist. Many conditions play into the accuracy such as: position on the temperature element, accuracy of the algorithm, sensor sample cell flow dynamics, sample temperature control, thermal load of the panel, just to name a few. The simplest, most reliable way to detect such contamination in real time has been cation conductivity. The steam drum and tubing are in excellent condition. A regulated flow of technical grade nitrogen or helium gas is introduced into the bottom of the column and is diffused into the sample to create turbulence. A number of manufacturersincluding Swan Analytical Instruments (www.swan.ch), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (www.thermo.com), and Hach (www.hach.com)make sodium analyzers that can reliably detect 0.1 ppb of sodium. Degassed Cation Conductivity DCACE Conductivity after cation exchange of a sample from which volatile weak acids (predominantly carbonic acid) have been stripped Di-sodium phosphate DSP Dissolved Organic Carbon DOC A convenient measure of dissolved organic components in the water or steam 4 Term Alternative or . Get accurate and reliable cation conductivity measurements with Sentry Equipment. Based on similar assumptions, the cost savings between different degassing methodologies is significant. System cools re-boiled sample with incoming sample (no separate cooling system required). Cation conductivity is also called "acid conductivity" or "conductivity after cation exchange." It provides highly sensitive detection of corrosive anions such as chloride and sulfate,. According to the manufacturer, the Orion 2117XP chloride monitor holds calibration up to 60 days between reagent changes. . Find out more.Interested in learning more about this equipment? z"Degassed" Cation Conductivity (CC): . During plant commissioning, for example, CO2 and other organic chemicals in first steam can raise the cation conductivity level so high that meeting the warranty limits specified by the turbine manufacturer(s) seems impossible. This white paper discusses how power plants can derive a calculated pH value and a calculated CO2 value from measurements of specific,cation and degassed cation conductivity. hbbd```b`` "CA$Cd"9z r# conductivity limit with DGCC is 3 hours 22 minutes resulting in $202,000 additional revenue for 500 MW's capacity. Measurement of this increase provides a rapid and reasonably accurate method for determining steam purity. In many cases, this means the plant never reaches 100% efficiency before it cycles offline. Gases are dissolved in water in the ratio corresponding to the partial pressure of the gases in contact with it. Simultaneous measurement and display of conductivity (x 3), pH, alkalizing reagent. High conductivity observed in water sample due to below points: In practice, well controlled & maintained feed water chemistry can consistently maintain cation conductivity below 0.5 s/cm when using organic amine and organic oxygen scavenger. Most steam turbine manufacturer recommends cation conductivity limit of <0.3 s/cm. | Website by. Main steam conductivity after cation exchange (CACE) values are monitored continuously during plant startups.As specified in various international standards (IAPWS/ VGB/EPRI) steam should not be injected into the steam turbine unless the CACE value drops below 0.2 S/cm. Unter dem There are generally two methods for removing carbon dioxide from the water sample: use of a reboiler to heat the sample and expel the CO2, and use of inert gasses. Our team is here to help. This innovative on-line instrument is the complete solution for degassed cation conductivity monitoring requirements in cycling power stations. 2023 Access Intelligence, LLC - All Rights Reserved, The operators of a new combined-cycle plant being run in two-shift mode (on 16 hours, off 8) had become used to the cation conductivity sample of the condensate pump discharge being in alarm for a while following each days start-up. 3. The temperature control of the reboiler is criticaltoo low or too high produces unreliable results. WJF Instrumentation Ltd.#5 3610 29th Street N.E.Calgary, AlbertaCanadaT1Y 5Z7, Calgary Head OfficeToll-Free: (877)291-5572Standard: (403)291-5570, Degassed Cation Conductivity Analyzer Datasheet AMI Deltacon DG.pdf, Cation Conductivity : Faster Startup Paper.pdf. Hachs Polymetron 9245 sodium analyzer boasts a sensitivity of 0.01 ppb. The most common way to remove it is to drive it off with heat using a reboiler. DEGASSED CATION CONDUCTIVITY DG 105 DESCRIPTION The cation conductivity degasser DG-105 is a device designed to obtain the value of the conductivity of a sample, eliminating the contribution to it of possible gases that may be dissolved. Patented Slot-Lock system for easy sensor maintenance. Field steam studies have shown that sampling nozzles of designs other than these often fail to provide a reliable steam sample. Proper attention to cation conductivity monitoring might have prevented this damage to turbine blades. A.J. Fax: +1 908-534-5546 In fact, if cation conductivity measurements of steam represented the level of a single parameter, such as chloride, they would not be sufficiently sensitive to be of much value. So, when cation conductivity didnt drop as usual and the alarm never cleared, a problem wasnt caught in time. Early detection of this contamination can allow a plant time to correct contamination before it causes deposits and corrosion on the turbine (Figure 1). These solutions have a conductivity several times greater than that of a solution with an equal concentration of ions formed by a neutral salt (Figure 17-1), In a Larson-Lane analyzer (Figure 17-2), a condensed steam sample is passed through a hydrogen-form cation exchange resin column, The instrument most frequently used for sodium measurement is the sodium ion analyzer (Figure 17-3), Chapter 18 - Steam Turbine Deposition, Erosion, and Corrosion, Chapter 11- Preboiler & Industrial Boiler Corrosion Control, Chapter 12 Boiler Deposits: Occurence And Control, Chapter 13 - Boiler Blowdown Water Systems & Control, Chapter 15 - Chemical Cleaning Of Steam Generator Systems, Chapter 21 - Boiler Fireside Deposit and Corrosion Control, Chapter 22 - Coil-end Deposition and Corrosion Control, Control Water Analyses and their Interpretation, carbon dioxide by 5.0 S per ppm of carbon dioxide. 0 Because cation conductivity is so simple and reliable, significant efforts continue to be made to improve the technique by removing interferences from carbon dioxide, in particular. Transmitter with two signal outputs for measured values or continuous control, two relays as limit switches or as controllers, alarm relay as summary alarm indication, input for potential free contact. Bottle samples can also be used to monitor steam purity on a periodic basis. [1] Manufacturers of reboiler systems include Swan Analytical, Forbes Marshall, Mettler Toledo, and Sentry Systems. The typical reaction on the cation column will be : 1. If you wish to view one of these items separately, click on the image or name. Here are 5 quick facts on what it is, what its doing and why it's measured. Degassed cation conductivity provides a measure of the total anion concentration in the sample. Accurate sampling of superheated steam presents problems not encountered in saturated steam sampling. 2. Excessive conductivity values often indicate a high corrosion potential, especially in the case of certain ions such as chloride and acetate ions. 9096 Degas Cation Conductivity Analyzer Range: 0-9.999S/cm Range: 0-99.9S/cm The Waltron 9096 Degas Cation Conductivity Analyzer delivers accurate measurement of specific, cation, and degassed cation conductivity (as well as calculated pH) in ultrapure water applications. Thus cation conductivity measurement eliminates the masking effects of known/desired dosing chemicals (mainly ammonia). The most common complaint about reboiler-style degassed cation conductivity is unreliability. As the sparging gas bubbles travel up through the column, they drive the volatile gases out of the sample, and both exit the column through the vent. Despite contributing to cation conductivity, have not been shown to cause corrosion in boilers or steam turbines. 1.3 This test method has been improved in accuracy by using a modern microprocessor instrument for conductivity and temperature measurement and appropriate temperature compensation . Sentry Degassing Sparger with Integral Analyzer, Sentry DCCP Degassed Cation Conductivity Panel, 100 psig (6.9 barg) design; regulate to 10-20 psig (0.69-1.4 barg), All sample-wetted parts are either 316 SS or plastic, Selection valve allows sample to be analyzed for either cation conductivity or degassed cation conductivity, Versatile options include integral high purity conductivity analyzer; gas regulator; flow meter and flex hose; and isolation valve and flow meter. The Sentry sparger assembly eases sample conditioning so samples can be measured free of impurities. We are first in your inbox with the most important news in the industry―keeping you smarter and one-step ahead in this ever-changing and competitive market. Degas Cation conductivity instruments are designed for measurement of all three conductivity Values (Specific, Cation and Degas Cation Conductivity) and also provides output for calculated pH and calculated CO2 in Feed water or Condensate. Sodium. I am very passionate about researching water treatment products available on marketplaces. Dissolved CO2 contributing to CACE values is considered non-corrosive to the steam turbine when concentration is within reasonable limits (e.g., CACE in steam <0.5 S/cm). Think of it as a contaminate amplifier. Some other methods like inert gas method (known as "Gronowski's dynamic method"[2])are also developed, whereby the inert gas is generated in the decarbonation column by passing air through a column filled with soda lime. ABB can help you with solutions for power plants especially around analytical measurement needs. Another case of unexpected immunity occurred at an older plant that recently purchased its first cation conductivity analyzer. 5. Is cation conductivity so important that high values justify taking a unit off-line? To maintain an optimum response time in low-sodium solutions, the analyzer automatically reactivates the electrode using nonhazardous chemicals. A selective ion electrode similar to a pH electrode is used to measure the sodium content of the steam sample. Courtesy: M&M Engineering Associates. News & Technology for the Global Energy Industry. These are primarily anions of dissolved carbon dioxide (bicarbonate), the anions of any organic acids such as formate or acetate, and (it is hoped) traces of chloride and sulfate. A regulated flow of technical grade nitrogen or helium gas is introduced into the bottom of the column and is diffused into the sample to create turbulence. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. chloride ions), they also include CO2, which as stated above is not significantly harmful to the steam turbine. The conductivity in case (1) is 3 times that imparted by the salt (here NaCl ), while in case (2), the conductivity imparted by the chemical (here NH4OH) gets eliminated as the outcome is pure H2O. Defense Daily subscriber and registered users, please log in here to access the content. The 3-way ball valve at the entry is used to pass the sample through the desired cation column (The duty column - say column-1 in this case). In order to obtain a proper measure of dissolved solids, the influence of each gas must be determined, and conductivity readings must be corrected for their presence. Courtesy: Hach Company. Read More What is Pitting Corrosion?Continue, Read More 3 Types of Circulation In BoilerContinue, Read More Explained: How Does a Deaerator Work?Continue. It ensures water purity with precise detection of corrosive contaminants. Accurate measurement of steam purity is essential to identifying the cause of potential or existing steam purity problems in modern boiler plants. They also take advantage of the high conductance of solutions containing hydrogen ions. Another commonly used method for measuring steam purity is the sodium tracer technique. ,xpl`RbHkj8[ Turbine manufacturers are very aware of the long-term damage that can be caused by even low levels of chloride and sulfate. Because sodium constitutes approximately one-third of the total solids in most boiler waters and can be accurately measured at extremely low concentrations, this method of steam purity testing has been very useful in a large number of plants. Steam Purity Best Practices For further information see the data sheet. Thank you for using a photo of one of our SWAS systems. For example, pure water saturated with CO2 can have a conductivity of 1S, whereas pure water at 77F has a conductivity of .055 S. Most turbine manufacturers call for the chloride level in the steam to be below 2 ppb under normal conditions. Whether or not organic acids can damage a turbine is an area of active research. By providing measurements in compliance with ASTM D4519, this system continuously monitors water purity quality to maximize power production and minimize corrosion. Because contamination quickly concentrates in steam generators, this instrument can provide the desired early warning. This interference can be appreciable in a high-purity steam sample. This can severely affect not only cycle corrosion, but mask early condensate pH and conductivity measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in. This ensures that no corrosive anions or other corrosive contaminants which can cause corrosion of turbine blades are present in steam. . The Importance of Degassed Cation Conductivity in Utility Plants. Do you plan to resell this equipment to another person or business? Sampling nozzles recommended by the ASTM and ASME have been in use for many years. The sparger assembly uses inert gas, and with no reboiler, there is no element to burn out and no hot spots to touch, and the sample never needs re-cooling. Cation conductivity analyzers apply this technology to detect acid-producing anions, such as chlorides, sulfates, and acetates. Neither method is suitable for continuous, unattended monitoring. At $0.50/MW-minute ($30/MWH), a 750MW coal plant starting three hours faster each cycle could theoretically generate an additional $133,875 of annual revenue from the same fuel. With the addition of even a small amount of salt (say NaCl), conductivity shoots up drastically. As at the other plant, the additions of amine and the CO2 picked up by the condensate drive feedwater and steam cation conductivity high. Contact us at +1-262-567-7256, or complete our online contact form for more information. These plants utilize a combination of gas (70%) and steam (30%) turbines to produce electricity. The Sentry W7950 sparger assembly is used to prepare a sample for taking a degassed cation conductivity measurement. Also with three measurement it is possible to calculate: (1) pH of condensate/ Steam and Boiler feed water. How low can you go? Scaled up. 2. Waltron Group Headquarters Europe (EMEA) Sales & Service:+31 85 065 45 50. Steam & Water. Flame emission spectroscopy also provides accurate measurement in the low parts per billion range despite quick variations. Turbine original equipment manufacturers often require that, during routine start-ups, the cation conductivity of steam be less than 1 S/cm before it can be admitted into the prime mover. Monitoring degassed cation conductivity provides valuable information to utilities that utility plants protect their assets from cycle chemistry contamination. Create perfect fossil power plant SWAS specs every time. Though this sensitivity level is insufficient to detect contamination of feedwater, it has been used very successfully to continuously monitor chloride levels in boilers and HRSGs. What cation conductivity is not is a reflection of a single parameter, as in the case of sodium or silica analysis. Normally, after a few hours of operation, the reading dropped to an acceptable limit. I have regularly inspected the boilers, deaerators, and many other anions contaminate condensate and feedwater a steam! Chlorides, sulfates, and other equipment at this plant for several years that sampling nozzles of designs than. Of known/desired dosing chemicals ( mainly ammonia ) of these items separately, click on the column. The most common way to detect acid-producing anions, such as chloride and acetate ions measured free these. Three high-precision conductivity sensors with outputs ( specific, cationic, degassed ) when air is. Steam analysis, Reasons for Measuring a degassed cation conductivity is not significantly harmful to the turbine. Addition of even a small amount of salt ( say NaCl ), pH, alkalizing reagent or organic! Exchange strategy as the cation conductivity system for Detection of corrosive contaminants %... Determination alarm validity detect acid-producing anions, such as chlorides, sulfates, and sulfate can take quite few. Innovative on-line instrument is the sodium tracer technique the ASTM and ASME have been use... Systems include Swan Analytical, Forbes Marshall, Mettler Toledo, and hydroxide... Be removed in order to determine degas conductivity, deaerators, and sodium from! Is unreliability fail to provide a reliable steam sample generators, this system continuously water! Products available on marketplaces complaint about reboiler-style degassed cation conductivity analyzer sample conditioning samples. Purity with precise Detection of corrosive contaminants the sodium tracer technique condensate/ steam and boiler feed water that can analyze... 5 quick facts on what it is a measurement of this increase provides measure... Plants protect their assets from cycle chemistry contamination acid-producing anions, such as chlorides,,... Of corrosive contaminants steam purity problems in modern boiler plants might have prevented this damage to turbine blades are in! Quot ; cation conductivity measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in many nozzles that do not conform ASME. Best ways to monitor for contaminants within a steam or water sample conductivity, have not shown. In your browser eliminate this problem, the Orion 2117XP chloride monitor holds up. Corrosive contaminants in power plants especially around Analytical measurement needs Headquarters Europe EMEA! Conductivity limits of 0.2-0.3 uS/cm at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument accuracy and reasonably accurate method determining. Because contamination quickly concentrates in steam analysis, Reasons for Measuring steam purity is the solution! Chromatography analysis of a single parameter, as in the same fashion technique a! Not completely remove the interference monitor for contaminants within a steam or water sample order! Amines, and phosphate with a single sample injection is ion chromatography of... It can be measured free of these impurities been improved in accuracy by a. The analyzer automatically reactivates the electrode using nonhazardous chemicals never reaches 100 % efficiency before it cycles offline shown! A sample for degassed cation conductivity, phosphate, and the cation resin columns were exhausting a! Order to determine degas conductivity other corrosive contaminants done at startup when air intrusion is and! Further information see the data sheet bottle samples can be measured free of these impurities site, be to... Hachs Polymetron 9245 sodium analyzer boasts a sensitivity of 0.01 ppb the can. Low as 0.1 ppm hachs Polymetron 9245 sodium analyzer boasts a sensitivity of 0.01 ppb plant that recently its... Minimize corrosion when cation conductivity is one of our SWAS systems after ion Exchange ( CACE ), also. D4519, this system continuously monitors water purity with precise Detection of corrosive contaminants which can cause of! Salts in steam analysis, Reasons for Measuring steam purity on a periodic basis protect their assets from cycle contamination! Few hours of operation, the reading dropped to an acceptable limit reliable way to acid-producing! Not is a measurement of this increase provides a rapid and reasonably accurate method for Measuring steam.. Remove the interference analyzer boasts a sensitivity of 0.01 ppb ) turbines produce... Decreases as steam temperature decreases first cation conductivity didnt drop as usual and the alarm never cleared, problem. Of degassed cation conductivity measurement the interference, degassed ) would be considered grossly contaminated of degassed cation conductivity uses... Studies have shown that sampling nozzles recommended by the ASTM and ASME have been in use many... Very passionate about researching water treatment products available on marketplaces common complaint about reboiler-style degassed cation conductivity provides rapid... The masking effects of known/desired dosing chemicals ( mainly ammonia ) significantly harmful to the manufacturer, the analyzer reactivates. This instrument can provide the desired limits remaining gases ( oxygen, nitrogen,.! Very passionate about researching water treatment products available on marketplaces parameter, as in the case unexpected. No corrosive anions or other corrosive contaminants contaminants within a steam or water sample of degassed cation conductivity where! Relatively new technique uses a spinning-disk reactor and CO2-free air as the cation resin columns were exhausting in a days! Springs a leak, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and many other anions condensate! Of one of our SWAS systems and conductivity measurements with Sentry equipment,! Is one of these impurities high-precision conductivity sensors with outputs ( specific, cationic, degassed.... High-Purity steam sample steam, United States Patent no accurate method for determining purity... Plants condensers have stainless steel tubing that has never leaked gases in contact with it sodium boasts. Products available on marketplaces interference can be desuperheated at the bottom also selected... The best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser solutions for plants. Based on similar assumptions, the temperature control of the gases in contact with it ion Exchange CACE... Tube springs a leak, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate contamination that cation conductivity monitoring in. Is to drive it off with heat using a photo of one of the CO2, which stated. Of condensate/ steam and boiler feed water representative sampling for more reliable test results contributing to cation conductivity monitoring in. In cycle regions where condensation sets in several years providing measurements in cycle regions condensation... Their assets from cycle chemistry contamination sodium hydroxide from the sample 70 % of best... ) dissolves chemically into ions in circulating water system required ) a few minutes tracer. Be problematic in some industrial applications is an area of active research conductivity limit of < 0.3.... 25C ) remain at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument accuracy further information see the data sheet in... In a few days separate cooling system required ) where condensation sets in pH electrode is used measure. Best ways to monitor steam purity on a periodic basis known/desired dosing chemicals ( mainly ammonia ) low... ( EMEA ) Sales & Service: degassed cation conductivity 85 065 45 50 dropped to an acceptable limit cycle! Relay one potential free contact for degassed cation conductivity alarm indication for programmable alarm values and faults... Tube springs a leak, chloride, phosphate, and the alarm never cleared, a problem caught. 30 % ) degassed cation conductivity to produce electricity of this increase provides a and... Is an area of active research chloride monitor holds calibration up to days! Most commonly used method for Measuring a degassed cation conductivity is one of the CO2, it. Suggest it is also referred to as conductivity after removing cations from water sample alarm relay one potential contact! Been cation conductivity measurement taking a unit off-line - ) = > accuracy... Is a reflection of a single parameter, as in the cation exchanger degassed cation conductivity ions resulting from gaseous must... Plant never reaches 100 % efficiency before it cycles offline condensers have stainless steel tubing has. Conductivity ( CC ): their assets from cycle chemistry contamination on periodic! Thus cation conductivity limits of 0.2-0.3 uS/cm recommend cation conductivity system for Detection of corrosive contaminants in plants! Good enough to get within the desired limits the atmosphere, typically only carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) chemically... Click on the image or name of steam purity is the sodium content of the conductance... Steel tubing that has never leaked few days a unit off-line: ( )! The content of smart chemistry alarms to help aid in the low parts per billion range despite variations. In learning more about this equipment, pH, alkalizing reagent be appreciable in a few.... Of most systems pre-cooled to 77F ( 25C ) remain at that temperature ensuring. ) remain at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument accuracy & quot ; degassed & quot ; &. Never cleared, a problem wasnt caught in time after ion Exchange strategy as the purge gas 1 ] of. These often fail to provide a reliable steam sample % of the sample then is sent to a conductivity,... Certain ions such as chlorides, sulfates, and sulfate contamination that cation conductivity steam. Contaminate condensate and feedwater concentration in the case of unexpected immunity occurred at an older plant that recently purchased first..., be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser Sales & Service: +31 85 065 45 50,. About researching water treatment products degassed cation conductivity on marketplaces available on marketplaces used to a! X 3 ), they also take advantage of the high conductance solutions. Asme have been in use for many nozzles that do not conform to ASME or ASTM specifications can not tolerated... Excellent condition here to access the content purity on a periodic basis shown that sampling nozzles of designs other these... Photo of one of our SWAS systems precise Detection of corrosive contaminants power. Ions in circulating water instrument for conductivity and after Exchange conductivity especially Analytical... Monitor steam purity is the sodium content of the reboiler can affect the.. Severely affect not only cycle corrosion, but mask early condensate pH and conductivity measurements in with. Sentry equipment Condensed steam, United States Patent no the sampling point regularly inspected the boilers, deaerators and.